The knee is the body joint that requires replacement the most frequently. An orthopedic surgeon and a physical therapist should be consulted before deciding whether to have knee replacement surgery. When osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, other bone diseases, or a fracture have destroyed a person's knee joint and more conservative therapy options have failed, total knee replacement surgery is frequently performed. Knee pain or problems with leg alignment that make it difficult to walk or carry out daily tasks and have not responded to more conservative treatment modalities are further reasons for surgery. In a total knee replacement (TKR), the arthritic portions of the tibia, sometimes referred to as the shin bone, femur, or thigh bone, and patella, or kneecap, are removed and replaced with artificial components. For the surfaces to move smoothly, these parts include a metal cap at the end of the femur and a metal piece that is cemented into the tibia and has a plastic cap on it. When necessary, a smooth plastic surface can be used to replace the kneecap's back.
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